The Effect of Reality TV on Teenagers - 1960 Words

The Effects of Reality TV on Teenagers When the first reality TV shows hit television, it did not take long for them to become popular and became a huge part of everyday life. Reality TV can give an escape from daily life and allows us to see normal people like ourselves put into irregular situations whether it’s racing around the globe to win millions of dollars or being turned into a pop idol. Reality TV is the most viewed genre of today’s television programming for a reason. Even though it claims to be â€Å"unscripted,† we are not that naive. But we do relate to the â€Å"Average Joe† status, and we want to root him on. Perhaps we buy into the drama for the moment, but in the end, we also learn lessons for our personal use and lessons about personal battles. Television shows have changed a lot within a few years. 14 percent of the 2009-2010 television shows were reality TV shows and the percent was higher on cable TV. There was a total of 27 hours of reality TV shows scheduled on TV in any given week which was a 50 percent increase from 2007. Reality TV shows are very popular with teens. Hour of the most popular reality TV shows in 2005 had viewer’s younger than17 which made reality TV shows the most popular genre on TV. With the reality TV genre growing and the number of hours spent in front of TV increasing 6 percent each year, teens are more likely to watch reality TV shows (Watson 2008). Reality TV is different than regular TV. It show things that scripted TV cannotShow MoreRelatedLiving Out the Reality of Others?1478 Words   |  6 Pagesingredients for most of today’s reality TV shows. Guess who’s watching them? Millions of young people†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Ilisa Cohen, 14). The world is changing in many different ways and people are influenced by many different situations. Teenagers are however, easily influenced by the good, the bad, and the reality. Not only are teenagers observing from the reality around them, but reality that is shown on television and sometimes in commercials as well. Teenagers find role models in the reality shows they see on televisionRead MoreThe Impact of Reality Tv on the Teenagers1732 Words   |  7 PagesThe Impact Of Reality TV on the Teenagers in Mumbai Nimish Satpute St. Andrews College Instructors : Prof. Meenakshi Kamat : Prof. Jenny Benoy Abstract Reality-based television programming has become a dominant force in television over the past seven years and a staple of most networks’ primetime lineups. This relatively quick change in the television landscape and the sudden increase in viewers’ consumption of reality televisionRead MoreTelevision And Its Effects On Children1673 Words   |  7 Pagesjuveniles are believe to be caused by their excessive viewing of violent movies. Television viewing has its advantages and disadvantages. People have the right to choose what to watch and nobody is to blame if they pick the wrong program. Obviously, the effect of too much violent television is usually negative for children, and some of these perspectives will be discussed in this paper. Many programs, shows and movies on television are violent. These programs are not good for children to watch. The moreRead MoreDifferent Types Of Reality Television : The Genre Of Reality Television724 Words   |  3 PagesReality Television Reality television is a genre of television programming that presents unscripted situations and real-life occurrences. Reality shows often follow a situation, game, or family. This genre of television highlights conflict and drama to the fullest extent. What effect does reality TV have on not only adults, but children watching? Does reality television represent an actual picture of people today and have a positive effect on society? Reality television has been around for manyRead MoreMass Media1036 Words   |  5 Pagestravelling and anything else that we have to do. A common urban person usually wakes up in the morning checks the tv news or newspaper, goes to work, makes a few phone calls, eats with their family or peers when possible and makes his decisions based on the information that he has either from their co workers, tv news, friends, family, financial reports, etc. we need to be conscious of the reality that most of our decisions, beliefs and values are based on what we know for a fact, our assumptions and ourRead MoreThe Power Of Context By Malcolm Gladwell1349 Words   |  6 Pagessupports this idea with references from historical and culture examples. She claims that people are captivated by the stream of violence and do nothing about it because it is so enticing to them. In â€Å"The Power of Context,† Malcolm Gladwell analyzes the effects an environment or situation can have a person despi te their beliefs or values. The morals and values that were learned in one’s childhood seems to change when one is put into a certain situation that is out of their control. A person’s morality isRead MoreReality Televisions Influence on Society794 Words   |  3 PagesReality television tries to disguise what is really going on in the television shows. The actors and producers shine a false spotlight on â€Å"reality†. â€Å"Reality television is defined as a ‘TV show observing real-life situation: television programs often deliberately manufactured situations, and that monitor their emotions and behavior’† (Paredes 26). Reality television is a bad influence on our society today due to the popularity, decision making, and misconduct of the individuals shown. People in today’sRead MoreTeenage Pregnancy and the Media Essay1531 Words   |  7 Pagesacts if they see similar sexual behavior in the media. Many objects in the media that in volve sex target teens. Reality TV shows and teen dramas often portray the cool kids as the ones who are having sex (Chandra).Today’s teens are highly influenced by what they see in the media and this can change their behavior and choices. Some will argue that the media doesn’t influence teenagers, but how can we be sure of that? Today, the media portray teen pregnancy in movies, television shows, magazinesRead MoreMedia ´s Negative Influence on Today ´s Youth Essays831 Words   |  4 Pagesexposed to? The media has an enormous influence over the lives of men, women, and teenagers. Today, individuals get affected by how people dress, talk, behave, and think trying to become another version of them. Media doesnt only have a positive effect on us, but it can also impact us negatively. Nowadays, the media is widespread in society in different forms (television, books, films, internet etc.), and its effects on individuals is quite noticeable mainly in youths physical and verbal aggressionRead MorePsychological Effects of Television on Children’s Behavior/Learning1519 Words   |  7 PagesDoes violence on television have a negative effect on children and teenagers? The violence seen on television has had surprising negative effect. Violence shown on television causes children and teenagers to develop behavioral problems and learning disabilities. Such behavioral and learning problems include; language development, school performance / learning, cognitive development and their general behavior to others (Kinnear 27). In a study on the correlation between violence and television done

Analysis of the Short Story A Rose for Emily Essay

The reason I chose to analyze â€Å"A Rose for Emily† by William Faulkner is because I am a lover of suspense and terror. The story totally caught my attention because the general tone is one of violence, gloom, and terror. The setting also plays an important role because it gives the reader a better understanding of the different situations. The main character, Emily, plays the role of a tragic figure that seems to be seen only from the outside. Sometimes people judge others from the outside, but they do not realize about the inside of the person. In the story, Emily is constantly judged by the townspeople because of her physical appearance, but they do not understand what she is going through emotionally. Another important character in the†¦show more content†¦Another important character from the story is Homer Barron, a man who develops an interest in Miss Emily, â€Å"Presently we began to see him and Miss Emily on Sunday afternoons driving in the yellow-wheeled buggy and the matched team of bays from the livery stable† (519). According to the story, it seems that the whole town was thinking they would get married: â€Å"She will marry him† â€Å"She will persuade him yet† (520). However, Miss Emily ends up killing Homer by poisoning him. There seems to be two reasons why she did it. One is that she wanted to marry him, but it appears he refused. The other one is that he might be homosexual: â€Å"he liked men, and it was known that he drank with the younger men in the Elk’s Club, that he was not a marrying man† (520). All these speculations about the principal characters Emily and Homer have one questioning what the narrator’s intention towards them was really. â€Å"The narrator wants to trap us in the speculations made about Emily’s and Homer’s characters by making us believe that Emily will kill herself or that Homer is homosexual† (Wallace). He might be right on this statem ent because this is what one is most likely thinking about through the reading. According to the article â€Å"A Watch for Emily† written by Schwab, the watch that Emily had within her clothing may have some significance. â€Å"An awareness of the significance of thisShow MoreRelatedA Rose for Emily889 Words   |  4 PagesLiterary Analysis for â€Å"A Rose for Emily† Sometimes a Rose is Not a Rose: A Literary Analysis of â€Å"A Rose for Emily† In the short story â€Å"A Rose for Emily†, written by William Faulkner, the negative impact of Emily’s upbringing by an overprotective father, leads to incredible pattern in her life and the obvious mental illness that takes over as she not so graciously ages. While written in five sections, the first and last section is written in present time, and the three middle sectionsRead MoreThe Lottery, By Shirley Jackson And A Rose For Emily By William Faulkner960 Words   |  4 PagesLottery† by Shirley Jackson and â€Å"A Rose for Emily† by William Faulkner The use of symbolism is used in literature to enhance writing and add meaning to a story, this is evident in the two short stories â€Å"The Lottery† written by Shirley Jackson and â€Å"A Rose for Emily† written by William Faulkner. With the authors use of symbolism Jackson and Faulkner are able to add depth to their writing in a way that connects with the readers. By adding symbolism to the short stories the authors manage to add meaningRead MoreEssay A Rose for Emily: Literary Analysis 2990 Words   |  4 PagesENG 102 Analysis Research Paper 09-25-10 Literary Analysis William Faulkner’s short story â€Å"A Rose for Emily† carries a theme represented by a dying breed of that era, while using symbolism to represent tragedy, loneliness and some form of pride, the story also shows how far one will go to have the approval of others and the pursuit of happiness. In today’s times, a person’s image could mean everything in life and almost everyone tries to fit into the main stream in some form at some pointRead MoreA Rose for Emily by William Faulkner712 Words   |  3 Pagesunity. Symbolism in â€Å"A Rose for Emily† is use in a variety of ways for example Miss Emily she represent the monument and mental illness, mental illness because she killed her own husband.Another character that had symbolism is Homer Barron he represents more than just a simple character, he represents insensitivity because he dint care about another people. An explanation of characters and objects that we have seen in the short story â€Å"A Rose for Emily.† The character Emily herself is a symbol ofRead MoreEssay on William Faulkners A Rose for Emily1539 Words   |  7 PagesWilliam Faulkners A Rose for Emily As any reader can see, A Rose for Emily is one of the most authentic short stories by Faulkner. His use of characterization, narration, foreshadowing, and symbolism are four key factors to why Faulkners work is idealistic to all readers.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The works of William Faulkner have had positive effects on readers throughout his career. Local legends and gossip trigger the main focus of his stories. Considering that Faulkner grew up in Mississippi, he wasRead MoreCharacter Analysis of Emily Grierson in A Rose for Emily by William Faulkner757 Words   |  3 Pagesyou would hand a rose† (Outà ³n 63), this is how William Faulkner is quoted when explaining the meaning for the title of his short story, â€Å"A Rose for Emily.† In his short story, Faulkner summarizes the life of a forsaken woman, whom, while heavily respected by her town, is also quite pitied. Faulkner works to give the reader a sense of empathy towards his character while he describes the tragedy that is her life. Emily Grierson, is eventually found to not be the only victim of the story, though, as herRead MoreA Tale of Terror 1087 Words   |  4 PagesWilliam Faulkner’s â€Å"A Rose for Emily,† a short story about the odd Emily Grierson, a once well-respected woman in a small southern town, takes readers into a whirlwind of a story leading up to a horrifying discovery about Miss Emily’s secretive demeanor. Through his characterization of Miss Emily, his descriptions of the setting, and his use of foreshadowing, Faulkner effectively develops â€Å"A Rose for Emily† into a horrific tale. The first way that Faulkner organizes â€Å"A Rose for Emily† is in his characterizationRead MoreA Rose For Emily- Rhetorical Analysis. William Faulkner802 Words   |  4 PagesA Rose for Emily- Rhetorical Analysis William Faulkner was an American writer from Oxford, Mississippi. He wrote short stories, plays, essays, and screenplays. He is mainly known for his creative imaginary stories that were based on Lafayette County, Mississippi where he spent most of his life. Faulkner is one of the most celebrated writers in American literature and especially Southern literature. He spent majority of his childhood years sitting around listening to his elders and family membersRead MoreEssay on Connecting Symbols in A Rose for Emily1248 Words   |  5 Pagesof a story to provide the reader with a deeper understanding and sometimes hidden meaning. In the short story, â€Å"A Rose for Emily† William Faulkner utilizes a vast collection of symbols, as a means to enhance the reader’s visual perceptions but also prompts consideration into theories of motive surrounding the murder of Homer Barron. Modeled after the post-civil war era of the American south, Falkner transports the reader to the fictitious town of Jefferson and into the home of Miss Emily GriersonRead More Narrative Worth in A Rose for Emily Essay1298 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å" A Rose for Emily†, William Faulkner tells the complex tale of a woman who is battered by time and unable to move through life after the loss of each significant male figure in her life. Unlike Disney Stories, there is no prince charming to rescue fallen princess, and her assumed misery becomes the subject of everyone in the town of Jefferson, Mississippi. As the townspeople gossip about her and develop various scenarios to account for her behaviors and the unknown details of her life, Emily Grierson

Life In The 1900S (1212 words) Essay Example For Students

Life In The 1900S (1212 words) Essay Life In The 1900SLife in the 1900s was depressing and was an era filled with extremely hard and strenous work that didnt offer any future for the average canadian in doing better. If you were an average wage earner you would be virtually stuck in the same job for the rest of your life, while rich maintained their wealth mainly caused by the low taxes. Living conditions were poor for average canadians and even worse for the arriving immigrants. At this time some of the modern convienences were just being invented and even if it were for sale only the extremely rich had the option of purchasing the items. Sports being very new, in the aspect of it being organized was small time compared to present day. Travelling required time and was uncomfortable. Only the rich could have the luxurious accomadations for those long journeys. Many jobs were available to most people but you were under constant scrutiny while working and would have to be willing to do any thing the boss wanted. I believe my friends and I would most likely resent and despise it if we had to live in the 1900s. During the 1900s horses played a significant role in the everyday life. A horse drawn carriage would bring a docter to the house of where a baby would be born. A hearse was pulled by horses to the cemetery when somebody died. Farmers used them to pull their ploughs while town dwellers kept them for transportation around town. Horses puled delivery wagons for businesses such as bakery, dairy, and coal company. Horses pulled fire engines through the streets in a fire emergency. The bicycle was widely accepted by canadians because of its easy maintence compared to a horse. The bike allowed an option of transportation. The bicycle also gave a sense of freedom to virtually anybody willing to learn. Henry Ford revolutionized the world we live in by inventing the horseless carriage, if it had not been for him, instead of taking the GO bus in the morning wed be riding a horse named Wanda. Not only did his invention offer a method of transportation to the public, but it helped with our emergency services such as fire engines, police cars, and ambulances. Now we have a large variety of cars to choose from varying in size and price. He also brought a large profitable industry to North AmericaThe car industry. Back then there werent many problems that they created. Today, we have our deteriorating ozone layer, poisonous chemicals that come from exhaust fumes (CO2)(Carbon Monoxide). Not to mention the traffic accidents, parking problems and traffic jams in downtown Toronto. 11 years previous to WW I Orville and Wilbur Wright made a successful flight in the first airplane at the beach of Kitty Hawk, North Carolina. Although the flight only lasted 12 seconds it would change the way we see the world. The telephone allowed the houseneeds to be satisfied without leaving theyre homes. Women received an oppurtunity to work as a a switch board operator. I dont know if I can stress the importa nce of Marconis invention enough. But I can say, that without it not only would there be no T.V. or radio there would be a lot of unemployed people right now(even more unemployed than now!!!). The reason for that is radio provides people with jobs such as DJs, musical programmers etc. Also, radio is a major form of advertising, without it there would not be as many advertising agencies or as many positions in this field. Without T.V., advertising agencies would also face the same consequences. T.V. provides millions of people with employment in commercials, T.V. shows, and movies. Baseball was the most popular sport in the United States where the World Series began in 1903. Tom Longboat was born in Brantford, Ontario and was known for outrunning a horse over a 19 km coarse. He set a record of 2 hours, 24 min and 24 seconds when he ran the Boston Marathon. Jan 22/1901 Queen Victoria died at the age of 63 years. The Queens reign stretched across the globe. With her death came moderniz ation. In the early 1900s horses were being used extensivley for all transportating duties and some manual labor jobs. A few years later the bicycle hit Canada and presented the Canadians with a better option of transportation mainly because of the simplicity of maintence. During these other discoveries the automobile was being perfected for use by the general public. By the 1920s the automobile was no longer a rich mans toy and was being used by many people. 1903 saw the first succesful flight fo the airplane bh Orville and Wilbur Wright at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina. At about the same time Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in Nova Scotia. By the turn of the century telephones had uses increased from ordering household goods to supplying jobs for women and men. 1901, Signal Hill in St.Johns Newfoundland Guglielmo Marcone received the first radio signal sent across the Atlantic Ocean. 20 years would elasped before radio broadcasting becomes mass entertainment. First movie s were seen in the 19th century. 20 years will pass till speaking films arrive. 1903 the United States had their first World Series. In Canada, Tom Longboat was a famous runner who was famous for running faster than a horse on a 19 km course. Later to be proclaimed the worlds best marathoner. In the early 1900s modern covienences were just being available like bathrooms, electric washing machines, sewing machines, electric hearing aids, vacuum cleaners. The very fortuanate who could afford these items would order them from the Eatons Catologue. All types of goods could be ordered in the Eatons Catologue from fence posts to fashionable hats. The time period between 1901 and 1911 almost 2 million people immigrated to Canada from Europe, Britain and the United States. Due to the population growth, in 1905 Alberta and Saskatchewan became apart of the Confederation. The railway boom in 1903-1904 helped elevate the employment. Materials needed to build the railways and the transporting of the materials started the industrialization. Urbanization led to a serious problem of overcrowding. The three economic classes were the rich, average, and the immigrants. With low taxes this allowed the rich to spend on frivalous items such as horse and carriages. In contrast the average would only use their money for the neccessities in survival. At the bottom were the immigrants that were forced to live in unsanitary conditions and dank, damp basements. Not only were there differences of wealth or lack of but there was a difference in women and mens treatment. For example women did not have the freedom to enter pool rooms, taverns and even bowling allies. Choices for women were working in stores and factories. Even if you came from a rich family your choices would have been nursing or teaching. Coming from a poor family women tended to just become a domestic servent. Women didnt have the right to vote like the men. In 1876 Dr Emily Stowe formed Toronto Womens Literary Club(TWLC). The purpose of this club was to inform women of their rights and to help sHistory Essays .ud8d2ac45aa17eda7efffc5554af34b07 , .ud8d2ac45aa17eda7efffc5554af34b07 .postImageUrl , .ud8d2ac45aa17eda7efffc5554af34b07 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud8d2ac45aa17eda7efffc5554af34b07 , .ud8d2ac45aa17eda7efffc5554af34b07:hover , .ud8d2ac45aa17eda7efffc5554af34b07:visited , .ud8d2ac45aa17eda7efffc5554af34b07:active { border:0!important; } .ud8d2ac45aa17eda7efffc5554af34b07 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud8d2ac45aa17eda7efffc5554af34b07 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud8d2ac45aa17eda7efffc5554af34b07:active , .ud8d2ac45aa17eda7efffc5554af34b07:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud8d2ac45aa17eda7efffc5554af34b07 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud8d2ac45aa17eda7efffc5554af34b07 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud8d2ac45aa17eda7efffc5554af34b07 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud8d2ac45aa17eda7efffc5554af34b07 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud8d2ac45aa17eda7efffc5554af34b07:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud8d2ac45aa17eda7efffc5554af34b07 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud8d2ac45aa17eda7efffc5554af34b07 .ud8d2ac45aa17eda7efffc5554af34b07-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud8d2ac45aa17eda7efffc5554af34b07:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Police Brutality Essay

Thesis Statement The continued “underground Essay Example For Students

Thesis Statement: The continued â€Å"underground Essay FGM† practice of FGM (Female Genital Mutilation) must be stopped in order to protect women throughout the world from a useless, unnecessary procedure that has been supported by male dominating societies as a means of control, at the expense, and lives, of women. I.Millions of girls and women have been mutilated by the practice of FGMa.Model, Waris Dirie, shares her story of FGM and the consequences it has brought to her life. b.At age five, she underwent the procedure that would affect her for the rest of her life. We will write a custom essay on Thesis Statement: The continued â€Å"underground specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now II.FGM, female genital mutilation has been practiced for thousands of years in African and Middle Eastern Nations. a.There are three types of FGM. The most common is the total excision of all external genitalia and stitching of the vaginal opening. b.This causes severe physical and psychological health consequences and in some cases, death. c.The practice is performed in unsanitary conditions with primitive instruments and no anesthetics for pain. III.The scarring and damage from the procedure creates difficulty in many aspects of a woman’s life. a.Women who have been circumcised suffer painful childbirth, sexual intercourse, and infections. b.Women often do not receive a thorough exam by a physician due to the inadequate vaginal openings, posing other health risks. IV.FGM has origins dating back several thousands of years in Egyptian Societies, but, is most prevalent in the Islamic and African cultures. a.Historic reasons for FGM are based upon control over the sexuality and essence of women. b.Sexuality is reserved for men and women receive the gift of bearing their children. V.Parents have believed that by having their daughters circumcised, it will ensure her marriage ability. a.Mothers, who have suffered from the procedure and wish not to have their children suffer, have had their children taken, without consent to perform FGM. b.Those who refuse the practice are banished from their homes and the prospect of marriageVI.FGM is a means to alienate women from a male dominating society. a.Without FGM, it is believed that women are uncontrollable. b.Women are seen to be the weaker sex and temptation must be removed physically. VII.FGM is illegal in most Western, and many African nations, although it continues due lack of enforcement. a.Underground clinics and homes continue to practice FGM. b.Health providers are not educated on how to deal with cases of FGM. VIII.The continued mutilation is a reflection of the mutilating world in which we live. b.The fight to ban FGM must be supported by men as well. As many as 130 million girls and women around the world have been mutilated, a fact often hidden from those of western culture. Bringing awareness to the inhumane torture of women is Waris Dirie, a Somalia-born model, whose face graces the cover of magazines worldwide. Reader’s Digest has featured her face and her own story of female genital mutilation. At the age of five, she was filled with excitement as she anxiously awaited a special event that would take place the following day. Her favorite meal was prepared and she was receiving extra attention from her family. The following day, after a night of sleeplessness, she was lead into the brush where she and her mother awaited the arrival of a gypsy the family had requested. When she arrived, the girl was frightened as she was confused about the reason for her presence. The child was lead to a rock where her mother restrained her tiny body. She became frozen with fear as her mother placed a root between her teeth and instructed her to bite. Peering between her legs, she watched the old gypsy rummage for her instrument. A broken razor blade, with evidence of dried blood, was spit on and wiped clean on the gypsy’s tattered dress. The girl was blindfolded so as not to witness the sawing of her own skin. The pain was so excruciating, she blacked out. When she awoke, punctures we re being made through her skin so she could be sewn together. With her legs numb and the intense pain felt between them, she prayed for her own death. When the child awoke the second time, she found her legs and thighs bound so she could not move. She turned to the rock, where the episode had taken place, to find it drenched with her own blood and flesh drying in the sun. Lying alone with her legs tied, she could do nothing but wonder, â€Å"Why? What was it all for?†Female Genital Mutilation (FGM), also known as female circumcision, has been practiced for several thousand years in almost 30 African and Middle Eastern nations. It varies in degree, ranging from cuts around the clitoris (Type I), removal of the clitoris (Type II), or excision of all the external genitalia and stitching of the vaginal opening (Type III). The last and most common type, the opening left is generally no larger than a match head, scarce opening for the passage of urine and menses. Sever physical and psychological health consequences can result from the procedure and vaginal complications. In many situations, FGM is performed in insterile conditions with the girl forcibly restrained and cut with primitive instruments (razorblade, knife, glass, etc†¦), although it is sometimes performed in medical facilities in rural areas. The age of the child when the procedure is most commonly performed is between two and fifteen. .u043138d5cd53456741b2f23bd87d0216 , .u043138d5cd53456741b2f23bd87d0216 .postImageUrl , .u043138d5cd53456741b2f23bd87d0216 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u043138d5cd53456741b2f23bd87d0216 , .u043138d5cd53456741b2f23bd87d0216:hover , .u043138d5cd53456741b2f23bd87d0216:visited , .u043138d5cd53456741b2f23bd87d0216:active { border:0!important; } .u043138d5cd53456741b2f23bd87d0216 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u043138d5cd53456741b2f23bd87d0216 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u043138d5cd53456741b2f23bd87d0216:active , .u043138d5cd53456741b2f23bd87d0216:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u043138d5cd53456741b2f23bd87d0216 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u043138d5cd53456741b2f23bd87d0216 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u043138d5cd53456741b2f23bd87d0216 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u043138d5cd53456741b2f23bd87d0216 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u043138d5cd53456741b2f23bd87d0216:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u043138d5cd53456741b2f23bd87d0216 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u043138d5cd53456741b2f23bd87d0216 .u043138d5cd53456741b2f23bd87d0216-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u043138d5cd53456741b2f23bd87d0216:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Giver EssayThe scarring and damage caused by this practice creates difficulty in both the woman’s daily life, as well as during childbirth, as scar tissue is not as flexible as normal tissue and often creates a difficult, prolonged childbirth, causing a risk to both mother and child. Other side effects include: painful menses, blocked urination, vaginal infections, painful intercourse, infertility, and ruptures in the urethra or rectum during sexual intercourse. Health providers find it challenging to perform routine pelvic exams due to the discomfort of the patient. In some cases, a normal and thorough examination may be impossible due to the sensitivity of the area or an inadequate vaginal opening. Many women adapt and live basically happy and healthy lives, in spite of the assault to their bodies. This is, however, not reason to condone this practice, which is performed on young girls, without consent. While FGM has origins dating back several thousand years in the Egyptian Society, this practice is most prevalent in Islamic and African Societies. Most often the historic reasons cited are marital fidelity, controlling the woman’s sex drive, preventing lesbianism, ensuring paternity, â€Å"calming† her personality, and hygiene. It is commonly considered an important rite of passage. In some regions, a celebration is associated with the event, but, in most areas, there is no particular ceremony, gifts, or ritual. Muslims, Christians, Jews and other religious denominations practice FGM. In many cultures, sexual pleasure is considered to be â€Å"for men,† and the reward for women is babies. Overall, attitudes can vary greatly between the various ethnic groups and cultures practicing FGM. Within some ethnic groups, adolescent sex is permitted, even encouraged, until circumcision is performed. For parents, reasons for subscribing to this practice range from fear for the daughter’s marriage ability and honor, to the insistence of elders of the male community. It must be understood that most parents feel strongly that having their daughters circumcised is in the child’s best interest. Alice Walker, author and activist, reveals the stories of women who have suffered from the continued practice of FGM. â€Å"Anything We Love Can Be Saved† features the story of a mother who refused to have her five daughters circumcised, having suffered her. Her girls had been taken while she was away and returned home mutilated. Walker also reveals a tale of banishment is told by a young mother who refused to undergo the torturous procedure. She was beaten by her family and thrown out of her home. She was forced to live in the streets and quit school for she had no means of support. The practice of FGM is a means in which the male dominating societies of the east alienate women: especially from community power. Women are controlled in community, family, emotional, and even sexual matters. The only matter in which women are welcomed is in the union of marriage, but to be embraced by this union, a woman must subject herself to the torture of FGM. This practice is primarily a means of sexual control, as the right to sexual pleasure is reserved for men only. Since women are seen as having uncontrollable sexual desires, being the â€Å"weaker of the sexes,† the temptation must be removed physically. For the man of the house with multiple wives, in some cases, there is no worry of infidelity or having to satisfy all of the women. Few aspects of life are not dictated to these women who have no abilities to choose freely anything for themselves. FGM is illegal in most Western, and, in many African nations, although laws have not been reinforced and it is still practiced â€Å"underground† in homes or clinics. At this time, the world is unprepared to assist women and girls affected by FGM or seeking to avoid the practice. .u936923f96d341b94dbe401293b11972c , .u936923f96d341b94dbe401293b11972c .postImageUrl , .u936923f96d341b94dbe401293b11972c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u936923f96d341b94dbe401293b11972c , .u936923f96d341b94dbe401293b11972c:hover , .u936923f96d341b94dbe401293b11972c:visited , .u936923f96d341b94dbe401293b11972c:active { border:0!important; } .u936923f96d341b94dbe401293b11972c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u936923f96d341b94dbe401293b11972c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u936923f96d341b94dbe401293b11972c:active , .u936923f96d341b94dbe401293b11972c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u936923f96d341b94dbe401293b11972c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u936923f96d341b94dbe401293b11972c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u936923f96d341b94dbe401293b11972c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u936923f96d341b94dbe401293b11972c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u936923f96d341b94dbe401293b11972c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u936923f96d341b94dbe401293b11972c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u936923f96d341b94dbe401293b11972c .u936923f96d341b94dbe401293b11972c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u936923f96d341b94dbe401293b11972c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: During The 1980s, Japan Had One Of The Most Profitable And Efficient EssayMany young women are experiencing serious health conditions due to this female genital mutilation. Law enforcement and health care providers must be available to assist these women, while protecting privacy and be aware that the strict family values are still of importance and should be taken into consideration. The continued mutilation of women around the globe is a mirroring reflection of the mutilating world in which we all live. For the world to know health and happiness, this act of violence against women must stop. We also need the support of men, like Samuel Zan, who is a child of an FGM sufferer and lost a brother at birth due to this torture. Alice Walker captures his essential belief on the subject through a conversation between she and Zan. She writes, â€Å"Alice,† he says after a long silence, â€Å"do you know what I believe? I believe that if women of the world were comfortable, this world would be a comfortable world.† Bibliography:

As I Lay Dying essays

As I Lay Dying essays Looking for Love in All the Wrong Places My aloneness had been violated...by time, by love, by Anse(172). With these words, Addie Bundren describes a common theme in the South. Many women become trapped in an unsatisfactory life, and then drained, both physically and emotionally, by the people in their environment. In As I Lay Dying (1930), William Faulkner creates Addie and this theme of the novel through imagery, figurative language, and details, both before and after she dies. From the day she decides to take Anse (170) as her husband, Addie begins her lifelong journey of losing herself. That day, Addie realizes that my aloneness had to be violated over and over each day, (172) until the day that she dies. After she marries and gives birth to Cash, Addie knew that living was terrible(171). She does not enjoy being a wife and mother because her family cannot meet her needs. She did not experience love as a child, and longs to be loved and appreciated, but her husband and children cannot give such emotion. Once she realizes this, she feels as if he had tricked me, hidden within a word like within a paper screen and struck me in the back through it (172). While Addie lies on her deathbed, Anse resents her because he must pay for the doctors visit. He says, Making me pay for it, when she was well and hale as ere a woman ever were. One might think that Addies husband would realize the gravity of the situation, but once again her entire family reveals t heir true nature of selfishness. When Addie finally escapes her terrible life, she has been married for thirty years and raised five children. She lived, a lonely woman, lonely with her pride...and she was not cold in the coffin before they were carting her forty miles away to bury her, flouting the will of God to do it(23). The dysfunction of the Bundren family does not cease...

Quantum Definition in Physics and Chemistry

Quantum Definition in Physics and Chemistry In physics and chemistry, a quantum is a discrete packet of energy or matter. The term quantum also means the minimum value of a physical property involved in an interaction. The plural of quantum is quanta. Key Takeaways: Quantum Definition In chemistry and physics, quantum refers to a single packet of matter or energy.In practical use, it refers to the minimum amount of energy required for a change or the minimum value of any physical property in an interaction.Quantum is the singular form of the word. Quanta is the plural form of the term. For example: the quantum of charge is the charge of an electron. Electric charge can only increase or decrease by discrete energy levels. So, there is no half-charge. A photon is a single quantum of light. Light and other electromagnetic energy is absorbed or emitted in quanta or packets. The word quantum comes from the Latin word quantus, which means how great. The word came into use before the year 1900, in reference to quantum satis in medicine, which means the amount which is sufficient. Misuse of Term The word quantum is often mis-used as an adjective to mean the opposite of its definition or in an inappropriate context. For example, the term quantum mysticism implies a correlation between quantum mechanics and parapsychology that has not been supported by empirical data. The phase quantum leap is used to suggest a large change, while the definition of quantum is that the change is the minimum amount possible.

Ricardo Semiler and Semco Company and its Changes Case Study

Ricardo Semiler and Semco Company and its Changes - Case Study Example No. The older Semler, Antonio was already culturally rooted in his management ways of being too bureaucratic and autocratic. He also cannot separate his personal affairs to business and this made Semler & Company under his leadership a moribund. Moreso, he did not have the modern business perspective of the time to change his style of leadership unlike the younger Semler, Ricardo who went to Harvard business school. Yes, the transformation and change of the company would have still come even if things were going well. The external factors cannot change the trajectory of the company when Ricardo Semler assumed leadership of Semco because he really intended to change the autocratic leadership of the company. The crisis only highlighted how effective the change to the company. In a way the change was drastic. Upon assumption as the new CEO, Ricardo Semler fired two-thirds of the top management of Semler & Company and that included many close friends of his father. This would not have been possible under his father because Antonio Semler did not separate work from his personal relationships. The new set up of the company was also a total departure of the old autocratic style of leadership of the company. The young Semler felt that the old autocratic leadership thwarted people’s motivation and creativity. Thus, he decided that the authority to make decisions at Semco to be more evenly distributed. In the process, he dismantled the rigid bureaucracy and structure of the company to make it more flexible based on the new three values of the company – employee participation, profit sharing and free flow of information. To emphasize the change, even the name of the company was changed from Semler & Company to Semco. There were a lot of changes that can be considered drastic if it will be compared  to the old leadership.   Strategy wise, among them product was product diversification and the creation of Nucleus of Technological Innovation (NTI).   Leadership style also changed to democratic and participatory to the point that employees can already direct themselves- set their own budget, even their own salaries and even the hiring and firing decision of both employees and managers.

Working with families of Children with Disabilities Essay

Working with families of Children with Disabilities - Essay Example Those services should be synchronized with extra activities that they may need since they have disabilities. The children have to be cared for differently giving them the environments that are specifically suited to the needs they require in the communities they reside. Children with disabilities have been a topic of discussion for a long period and the need to give the best care has been reviewed by numerous professionals. In this paper, the focus is on the new methods of dealing with the children with special need and making sure they receive the correct care that is resourceful in the development of their abilities and lives among the society. The laws passed decades ago are useful tools that make it very essential in the society to integrate the people with the special needs. Several researches deal with the disabled people in the society. However, the focus of this paper is the impact of involving the parents in the programs of their children with special needs. The main issue is the fact a parent is an important figure in their children’s lives making them very useful in the motivation and realization of their development as they grow up. The fact that families go through different stages before they get to advance in the care for the disabled makes it appropriate to have the time to listen to the family in order to make amends on the children’s health when the family is fully aware of the children’s situation. In a recent research, the educators have realized the incorporation of the parent support is a good step to make sure there is sure progress in the edification and adaptation of the children with disability (Woolfson et al 6). Another progress is the fact that they incorporate the parental effort in the curriculum giving the children the sense of belonging and easy time since they find the people they treasure most take part in their daily routines. The

Quitting is not an option Essay Example for Free

Quitting is not an option Essay Quitting Is Not An Option As a little girl I always dreamt of becoming my own boss at a young age. The thought of following other people rules bothered me; I did know that in order to get where I wanted to be in life I had to start somewhere. So I told myself that after high school I had to go to college, and work and save. I decide to pursue my degrees in Business Management and Accounting, because, I enjoy using money, working with others, helping people solve their money issues and helping them getting back on the right the track, as well as making people happy. I see it as if I have the knowledge and the education of what Im doing, I dont have to worry about anyone using me or stealing from me; Ill be able to take care of my own finances. Having a B.A. in Business Management will impact my life in a positive way, by giving me a hands up in my dreams of becoming my own boss at an young age, as well as living my life comfortably. Due to my dreams in life, and where I want to be I chose not to give up even when things are stressful at times. Giving up on my educational goals is not an option because, I know that if I dont have a degree, my life will not go anywhere, and I will just work at dead-end jobs. Not only do I want to want to go college and get a B.A. but I want to get excellent grades, and become an honor student. Im committed to sticking with my degree and working with Monroe College to help me succeed and graduate. Having a lot of money, and time invested in my success, I cant allow quitting to be an option. Looking forward to having a great experience and continue to grow in my career while attending Monroe College. Having great support from my professors, when struggling with an assignment, I feel I should be able to email or talk on the phone with them without feeling embarrassed. If i found out that my future self was trying to quit due to an stressful situation, I will let her know that life gets hard but giving up makes it even harder, and if you give up you will be stuck living life struggling, and living pay check to pay check with no relief to the stress. Living and learning is part of life, but quitting wont allow you to learn or live the  life that you want for yourself and your future family.

How Children Carry the Weight of Child Abuse Essay -- Long Term Impact

The spirits of children are shattered, tender hearts broken with words, and precious bodies riddled and limp from abuse. Eyes that should glisten with wonder and excitement are enveloped with dismay and destruction. Fathers physically beat their little girls. Mothers leave newborns in locked cars, and some parents degrade their children with verbal daggers. Child abuse is much more serious than people want to believe. Child abuse comes in different forms: neglect, physical, and verbal abuse. But what are even more serious are its effects: inability to properly function in society, fear of trust, and a broken self-esteem. We should all be there to help these children, by holding their hands, or even giving them a sincere smile. First, someone who suffers from neglect or other abuse as a child often has an inability to properly function in society. Parents who show little or no interest in their children's lives make them feel unimportant and often portray a distorted view of love. Their parents tell them that they will be at their basketball game and then fail to show up. They put social events, their jobs, or even their own lifestyle before their children. This continual act can cause the child to grow up feeling that they can depend on no one and that they are unworthy of love. They have problems making or even keeping friends, because they feel they will always be let down. Often in adulthood they tend to over compensate the loss they felt in their own life into their child's. They move heaven and earth, often to their own neglect, to be at every activity. They become driven by their own loss inside. Others who have gone through this often don't know how to love or even care for someone else in a relati onship. Their parents ... ...think about her and tries to act exactly like they want her to. It is as if she is like glass; you have to be very careful about what you say to her, because she could break and fall to pieces at any moment. Degrading remarks, time and time again, often leave people with a broken backbone, a shattered self-esteem. This part of them, the part that makes them believe in themselves, usually never heals to the fullest. People need to be aware that what happens to children, as they are growing up, can affect them in many different ways. Children should have wonderful memories of their life, but unfortunately the ones that suffered from abuse growing up, still struggle today. The memory of the mind works in mysterious ways and often never allows one to forget the past. They struggle throughout their life in dealing with society, fear of trust, and a broken self-esteem.

Alcoholism Problem Essay

Alcoholism is a chronic problem that includes difficulty in controlling drinking, having to drink consistently to get physical independence, being preoccupied with alcohol, and continually using alcohol regardless of problems it causes (Brick, 2004). Alcohol should not be legal in U.S. because it is impacts negatively on health, family, community and on a person’s education. Alcohol drinking is like taking a drug. It is a form of drug addiction and drug abuse. Alcoholism is a worldwide problem that affects many people. Drinking alcohol has negative short and long term effects. Alcoholism has been associated with adverse effects on health, family, community, and education (Marshall, 2000). However, the effects on a person depends on particular factors such as how often and how much alcohol is taken, a person’s age, gender, when a person begun drinking and how long they have been drinking, their health, and family history (Begleiter & Kissin, 1996). It is in this regard t hat alcohol should not be legal in the United States. Alcohol is addictive, and people become addicts end up spending a lot of money on alcohol. It means that when they spend all the money they have on alcohol, they forget their families, and are not able to support the community in anyway. Some resort to stealing to sustain their drinking habit. Alcohol addicts sometimes engage in robbery acts to get the money for drinks. Community becomes at risk of destruction with excessive alcohol consumption allowed. When many people engage in excessive consumption of alcohol, education becomes at risk. People drop out of school, and illiteracy level increase in the community. In addition, the progress and development of any community depends on the health of its people. Therefore, when alcohol puts the health of its members at risk, community suffers in the long run. Alcohol affects both female and male differently. Men who consume alcohol, daily have an increased risk of health risks. Such men can experience cancer and heart disease in the long-term and  low energy to sexual difficulties in the short-term (Brick, 2004). Men are more likely to suffer from liver cirrhosis, and have higher chances of being diagnosed with high blood pressure. Nearly 26.6% of deaths among men of be tween 16 and 24 years old can be attributed to alcohol consumption. Men tend to be more dependent of alcohol (Marshall, 2000). Drinking too much alcohol damages a person’s body organs such as liver, brain, stomach, heart, and intestines. Brain is adversely affected because the brain cells die leading to loss of memory, learning difficulties, brain disorders, confusion, and problems with attention (Blane & Leonard, 1999). Liver is highly affected because of the great possibility of developing cancer in the liver, throat and mouth. The stomach may also acquire ulcers. Long-term drinking has also been linked to stroke and heart failure. The nervous system can also experience damage leading to behavioral and physical problems (Dasgupta, 2011). These problems affect health, family, community, and education in the long-term because of expenses associated with alcohol consumption, and possible treatment measures. Alcohol poses many effects on the body such as fertility. It reduces levels of testosterone. As a result, it could decline sperm quantity and quality, and lead to loss of libido. Alcohol is toxic to the testicles, and affects hormones. It could hamper production of sperms, hinder them from developing properly, and slow their movement towards the egg. Alcohol can also limit the liver from metabolizing vitamin A properly. It also depresses the nervous system, and could result in difficulty in getting and keeping erection (Peters, 2008). Many young adults do not realize that alcohol has a fattening effect. Alcohol can reduce the amount of fat that the body burns for energy. The human body makes several attempts to eliminate alcohol very fast as it cannot remain in the body for storage. The process takes priority over nutrient absorption and burning of fat. In the long-term, there could be a serious damage in the appearance. Other effects include loss of hair in the body, breast enlargement, and withering of testicles (Dasgupta, 2011). Alcohol has also been associated with worsening of skin disorders such as rosacae. Rosacae skin disorder is responsible for expansion of blood vessels in the face making it redder. Heavy drinking can cause the appearance of pus spots and red bumps. It has also been linked to inflammation, pain and swelling in the joints. The effect is common among men of between 30 and 60 years old  (Hannigan, Spear, Spear & Goodlett, 1999). As mentioned earlier, heavy drinking increases the chances of heart disease, liver damage, bone disease, cancer, anxiety and depression, and type II diabetes. Heavy consumption of alcohol also caused inflammation on the pancreas and irritates stomach. These effects indirectly affect family, community and education (Peters, 2008). Women are not safe from alcohol either. The body of women takes much time to process alcohol compared to men. Women feel more effects of alcohol than men even when they drink the same amount. The fertility of women is at risk with heavy consumption of alcohol. Women are high risk of acquiring breast cancer, and adverse impacts of the menopause. Women are advised in several studies to avoid alcohol when trying to have a baby. Alcohol disrupts menstrual cycle in women, and limits their chances of conceiving. These are bad effects on the body, and not good for family and community in general. Therefore, alcohol should not be legal in the United States (Hannigan, Spear, Spear & Goodlett, 1999). While drinking less alcohol may make one look good, heavy consumption causes bad skin, tired eyes, and weight gain for both f emale and male. It also interferes with people’s sleep. Heavy consumers of alcohol often wake up and feel like they have not had enough rest. Alcohol dehydrates the body and skin. It deprives the skin of certain vital nutrients and vitamins. Hence, it is not good for health. Alcohol is also responsible for much divorce among couples due to fights in the family, and lack of finances for family upkeep (Dasgupta, 2011). Alcohol is depressant. It means that alcohol calms people down, and slows down some body organs. With only 0.05% level of blood-alcohol, a person begins getting dulled judgment, and his or her inhibitions get released. They then become clumsy and start having slurred speech with only a 0.10% blood-alcohol level. At 0.30% level of blood-alcohol, one nearly becomes unconscious. Any addition after that becomes extremely dangerous since at 0.45%, one can get into a coma. Brain shuts down from 0.70% and stop controlling the heart, breathing, and one may end up dead. Other short-term effects include blurred vision, blackouts and insomnia. These can lead to injuries, accidents, and even death. Drinking alcohol also causes hangover in the next morning, which is associated with nausea, headaches, heartburn, fatigue, thirst, and dizziness. There are many side effects of alcohol (Peters, 2008).Conclusion In conclusion, consumption of alcohol should be reconsidered in U.S because  of its adverse effects on health, family, community, and education. Alcohol should only be taken when necessary. The side effects are adverse and continue to destroy people across the world. Therefore, alcohol should not be legal in the United States because it is impacts negatively on health, family, community and on a person’s education. References Begleiter, H., & Kissin, B. (1996). The pharmacology of alcohol and alcohol dependence. New York: Oxford University Press. Blane, H. T., & Leonard, K. E. (1999). Psychological theories of drinking and alcoholism. New York [u.a.: Guilford Press. Brick, J. (2004). Handbook of the medical consequences of alcohol and drug abuse. New York: Haworth Press. Dasgupta, A. (2011). The science of drinking: How alcohol affects your body and mind. Lanham, Md: Rowman & Littlefield. Hannigan, J. H., Spear, L. P., Spear, N. E., & Goodlett, C. R. (1999). Alcohol and Alcoholism: Effects on Brain and Development. Hoboken: Taylor & Francis. Marshall, R. (2000). Alcoholism: Genetic culpability or social irresponsibility: the challenge of innovative methods to determine final outcomes. Lanham, MD: University Press of America. Peters, A. R. (2008). Combined effects of alcohol and nicotine on subjective responses and cognitive functioning, Dissertation Abstracts International, 69-4

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The purpose of this research is to determine what and how sales and inventory system can be a gig help for the business in recording and tracking the sales simultaneously. CHAPTER I Introduction Computer technology nowadays changes very fast. So it is very important for a business to cope up in such changes in order to be competitive with others. Using a manual sales and inventory for recording and tracking the sales is time consuming and not advisable for a big establishment to use.So, we are proposing this sales and inventory system, a software-based business solution used to simultaneously track sales activity and inventory. With the implementation Of this system in a business, it would be a great help. The program allows the entered sales to be computed accurately. Just by having all the items' information enters into a database. It is easy to use, effective and efficient in organizing, tracking and calculating the sales.In addition, this study aims to develop reliable and manage able computerized sales and inventory system for Derides Poultry and Agar-Supply for a better manageable of a business. 1. 1 Background of the Study Define a Sales & Inventory System In the past, sales and inventory systems were mutually exclusive systems, with one used to sell merchandise and the other used to track it; modern mint-of-sale systems incorporate computerized access to the inventory control system, allowing for real-time updating.An inventory and sales system working in unison effectively tracks product from the moment it enters the store to the moment it leaves, barring losses due to shrinkage. Separate Origins of Sales and Inventory Systems Originally, in the era before computers, sales were tracked with counter ledgers or, later on, mechanically issued receipts from cash registers. Inventories had their own ledger book, meaning that the two systems were entirely separate out of necessity. With the advent of modern computer technology, it has become possible to combi ne the two systems into one digital process.

What sort of society and values does Oscar Wilde present in Importance of being Earnest Essays

What sort of society and values does Oscar Wilde present in Importance of being Earnest Essays What sort of society and values does Oscar Wilde present in Importance of being Earnest Paper What sort of society and values does Oscar Wilde present in Importance of being Earnest Paper Essay Topic: Call of the Wild Literature The Importance Of Being Earnest In the days when the play was set, people were spilt into three different classes. There were the Upper class people, who lived in an aristocrat society, who mainly invested from lands. Then, there were the tradesmen, who had new wealth which they made from their businesses. Finally, you would have the lower class people, who were the servants of the upper classes. The characters in the play are leading a comfortable life. They live in a sophisticated life style, where everything for them is a breeze, they have servants to do all the work for them, while they sit and relax. They lead a superior life style, everyone under them has to look up to them. The lower classes are expected to respect them. In act 1, when Lady Bracknell visits Algernon, he had eaten all the cucumber sandwiches, which were especially made for her. As a good and loyal servant should do, Lane lies to get his master out of trouble, which is what all good servants should do. Algernon quotes, if the lower orders dont set us a good example, what on earth is the use of them? This shows what they thought of the lower classes as being their guide to life. Lady Bracknell quotes, Nor do I approve in anyway of the modern sympathy with invalids when speaking to Algernon about Mr Bunbury. She says this with coldness and in an uncaring way. The aristocrat society lives on an unearned income. They, do not have to work for their living, they neednt a job. That is why land and inheritance are important in their life. They invest in land mainly and thats where their money comes from. With no businesses to worry about, they can enjoy the comfort of gong to dinner parties, arranging them, go to the opera and watch plays. They can sometimes to go into debt, like Algernon for example, who owes much money, pays no bills etc. We know this as he quotes, Half of the chaps who get into the bankruptcy Court are called Algernon, This obviously means that he goes there often, if he know everyones names there who go themselves. He lives beyond his means, he just spends, spends, and spends. Lady Bracknell quotes, He has nothing, but he looks everything when trying to persuade Jack to allow Algernon to marry Cecily. They live in an extravagant lifestyle with many luxuries. Algernons flat is said to be artistically furnished. The rich of that era have calling cards, when someone visits, to inform the owners of the house. A servant carries these to them on a salver, a silver plate. They drink good wine and make sure it does not go to waste. They eat their bread with no crust. They usually own a country estate with acres of land, which are usually let out. Then, they should have a town house, somewhere to stay during the season. The season is when everyone comes to London to attend all the parties, galas, balls, etc. to exchange gossip. Young unmarried girls come with their parents to find an eligible bachelor. Rich girls usually married for a title or name. Men with a title or name, but no money, would marry a rich girl, to gain some money. The book is based in a aristocratic society, where they have many values, which are most importantly; Money, appearance, sincerity, social snobbery and superficial values. Oscar Wilde has put in a whole range of these in his play. Money is everything to the aristocrat society. Without it, they would be pushed down the society ladder. They do not work for their money, but instead they invest it from land and properties. If you had money, you could do anything you want. In Act 1, when Lady Bracknell asks for the cucumber sandwiches, Algernon replies, I am greatly distressed, Aunt Augusta, about there being no cucumbers, not even for ready money, This shows that he just gets his food without paying, they just put it on a tab with him. He probably owes many people money, but who is to argue with the rich? Anyone would do anything for money. When Cecily sneaked out of the house to go and visit Jack in his country house, she probably asked her maid to keep quiet about her whereabouts. Though, by the means of a small coin, Lady Bracknell managed to gain the information of her daughters whereabouts. Lady Bracknell is the one in the play who most considers money to be the main importance in life. It would seem obvious that she even married for money herself, as she says, When I married Lord Bracknell I had no fortune of any kind. But I never dreamed for a moment of allowing that to stand in my way. When questioning Jack, to see if he is fit to be even considered to marry her dear Gwendolen, the most important question is What is your income? Jack replies to this saying Between seven and eight thousand a year,, which in those days, would make him a millionaire. This is the only note she makes of him in her notebook. She is perfectly satisfied that Jack makes his money from investments and not so much from land as she says,, Land has ceased to be either a profit or a pleasure, Lady Bracknell questions Cecily to see if she is acceptable to marry her nephew, Algernon. She first says that she is running out of time, halfway through the interview and she must hurry. Then, as a last question, she asks if Cecily has any fortune. She expects Jack to answer that by saying, No, she has little, she lives here as my ward and I provide for her, To her surprise, Jack tells her that Cecily has about  £30,00 in the funds. He then says, Thats all. Good-bye Lady Bracknell, So pleased to have seen you, knowing her attitude would change now to the mention of that large sum of money. Lady Bracknell decides to stay, after discovering that this girl is an extremely wealthy girl and her money is in the funds as well. She now says, Miss Cardew seems to me a most attractive young lady now that I look at her, Lady Bracknell now finds her a respectable candidate for Algernon, as she has all this money. Her plan backfires though, as Jack refuses their engagement. Lady Bracknell tells Jack, that she will overlook Algernons conduct to him, but this is not true, she hasnt carefully considered her decision, but she wants to try and persuade Jack to accept the engagement so Algernon can grab his hands on Cecilys money. Jack tells Lady Bracknell that Cecily does not come legally of age until she is 35. Lady Bracknell has no objection to this though, as she realises that if she leaves the marriage for a few more years, Cecily s money will grow even more. Gwendolen makes it quite clear, that she is wealthy, by pointing out that she buys the more expensive monthly magazines, when talking to Jack. She doesnt but the expensive magazines, but the more expensive ones. Which shows, shes probably no different to Lady Bracknell, as Algernon says, All women become like their mothers. In every interview, she always starts with a few simple questions e. g. how old are you? Then, in the middle of her questions, she adds the most eagerly waited of question, how much money do you have. Appearance is also important to the characters in the play. The whole of the play is based on the one name of Ernest, which for some reason Gwendolen and Cecily adore and is their dream to marry someone with that name. Gwendolen says, There is something in that name that inspires absolute confidence She says that she was destined to love him as soon as she heard the name mentioned. She says that the name, Produces vibrations This shows us that the first thing Gwendolen looks for in a man is his name. Your Christian name has an irresistible fascination, quotes Gwendolen. The name Jack sounds such a plain name, when you think of Jack, you think of someone who lives in the country, who is quite plain and simple. The name Ernest though, sounds more aristocrat and when saying it, Ernest sounds more interesting than Jack does. She looks for a husband who will listen and do everything she commands, just how Lady Bracknell treats her husband. I know this, from the line Gwendolen says at the end of her engagement discussion with Jack. She says, I hope you will always look at me just like that, especially when there are other people present referring to Jacks blue eyes, like a puppy-dog face. She wants him to be like a dog on a leash that she can take with her anywhere and have him well trained. Cecily, a more plain girl, it would seem, but she is also picky with names. She and Gwendolen both say that they, pity any poor married woman whose husband is not called Ernest. Algernon thinks his name is rather an aristocratic name, but Cecily would only give all her love to someone with the name of Ernest. She here is being a little judgmental towards the name of a person. Its like how Gwendolen first met Cecily, Cecily told her, her name and Gwendolen in turn replies, What a very sweet name! Something tells me that we are going to be great friends, Which is a bit ironic, as later on in their meeting, they despise each other. Lady Bracknell considers the odd number side of the street as unfashionable. She tells us this when she is questioning Jack. This shows us that the respected ones in society live in an even numbered house. When Jack tells her about him, that he was discovered in a handbag at Victoria Station, she immediately is disgusted. She almost certainly now will not allow her daughter to marry someone who was found in a handbag, or as she puts it, to marry into a cloakroom and form an alliance with a parcel. She says that Algernon has no money, but he looks the part, though this is a bit false, as Lady Bracknell is always thinking of money when it comes down to these circumstances. Though it doesnt really matter, because if Algernon and Cecily do get married, then Algernon will share her money. She also finds long engagements not acceptable as, They give people the opportunity of finding out each others character before marriage, She has this idea of making someone look something that theyre really not. As long as you look good, thats what important. She examines Cecilys profile, when inquiring about her. Her first impressions of Cecily, were that she dressed too simply and hair was not done up in any extravagant way, but was left as nature might have left it. She tells Cecily to put her chin a little higher, Style largely depends on the way of the chin is worn, as she states. The characters in the book have many false and superficial values. Girls of the aristocrat society, did not have a choice of who they wanted to marry, it was up to their parents to decide for them. We discover in the first act, that Lady Bracknell has a list of eligible young men, the same list as the Duchess of Bolton in fact. She carries a notebook and pencil in her pocket, as though shes always on the look out for new candidates to add to her list. Algernon thinks that Bunburying should be known to every mans life. He believes that if a man doesnt know about it when he gets married, then hell have a very tedious married life. He believes that, in married life three is company and two is none. Bunbury, as Algernon calls it, is way of making up an imaginary friend/relative and using them as an excuse to get out of town into the country or the other way round. Both Algernon and Jack have invented a imaginary friend/relative to get them out of town and dinner parties. Its this bunburying that causes so much trouble and confusion among the characters. In the play, dinner and meals are mentioned quite a lot. Cecily says, When one is going to lead an entirely new life, one requires regular and wholesome meals, Algernons first conversation in the play with Jack, he asks Jack to dine with him and says, I hate people who are not serious about meals. Most of the lines that are to do with food, are Algernons lines. His character is a very greedy character, food wise that is. Algernon states that, it is customary in good society to take some slight refreshment at five oclock. Nearly every moment in the play he is always eating something, I guess that Wilde, perhaps did this deliberately to make the play more amusing. A dinner party is also a key aspect of their lives. Lady Bracknell is an expert in this and plans her seating plans very carefully. So there is the same amount of men as there is women, so they can all pair up. When Algernon says he cannot attend his Aunts dinner party, Lady Bracknell in turn replies to this, It would put my table completely out, Her husband, instead would have to fill in Algernons place, which she is not too pleased about. This shows that her and her husbands relationship, doesnt seem to be a very strong one and she prefers not to mention Lord Bracknell. Dinner parties are the limelight of the season. Its where everyone went to catch up with news and find a husband/wife. The main characteristics of the character in the play, are their social snoberish, Which they show a lot of in the play. Algernon, when it comes to food and drink, hes quite selfish. He had cucumber sandwiches made especially for his Aunt, but he ends up eating them all. He is allowed them, but no one else is. He finds that not receiving invitations is annoying. Algernon takes his life too easy, he lives in debt and if something goes wrong, he has Lane or another lower class to blame. He thinks it is awfully hard work doing nothing, which is quite the opposite of what most people would think. As he has no job, nothing to occupy himself, it is quite easy to get bored and you realise you need the need of some sort of hobby, events to got to etc. Algernon states that, Relations are simply a tedious pack of people, who havent got the remotest knowledge of how to live This is a bit ironic, as at the end of the play, Algernon discovers that his best friend is in fact his elder brother. The characters find the French as disrespectful and are a bad influence on the English. The Germans, however are more respected. Lady Bracknell, always seem to boast about her social links with people of a high position. When Lady Bracknell finds out there are no cucumber sandwiches, she doesnt mind as she had some crumpets with Lady Harbury, a Lady, probably with a high social position. Lady Bracknell even shares the same list of eligible men as the Duchess of Bolton. There are also several other names of high social stature mentioned by Lady Bracknell in her conversations, Lady Lancing and Lady Dumbleton. Lady Bracknell quotes, That in families of high position strange coincidences are not suppose to occur, referring to the confusion of Jacks true identity. She is trying to say that only the common would find themselves in these inexplicable situations. People, according to Lady Bracknell, are only considered respected, if they are seen at social gatherings and dinner parties. They count as Tories. They dine with us. And Indeed I am told that one of the Mr Markbys is occasionally to be seen as dinner parties. So far I am satisfied. These are examples of this way of judging people by their attendance to social parties, that Lady Bracknell says in the play. People who went to Oxford were said to be truthful people, but this is a lie as Algernon went to Oxford and has told many lies in the play. Algernon says, Literacy criticism should be left to those who didnt go to university, Therefore the ones who could not afford to attend universities, but earn a living from writing critical comments in the newspapers. The uproar between Cecily and Gwendolen, is quite amusing, as they both have to try and control their surge of anger, for the sake of their reputation. They dont want Merriman to see them having a bickering, which could break out into violence, that is not what an upper class lady would do, its something that you would see the lower class do. Gwendolen throws such snoberish comments at Cecily. Sugar is not fashionable anymore, and Cake is rarely seen at the best houses nowadays, which really puts Cecily down. Gwendolen tells Cecily that she hates crowds, which is ironic, as Cecily replies to this, I suppose thats why you live in town? and Gwendolen is furious.

Dinah and Male-Dominated Biblical Narrative

Dinah and Male-Dominated Biblical Narrative One of the aptest historical criticisms of The Holy Bible is the way it fails to chronicle womens lives, abilities and viewpoints with the same effort it puts into mens lives. The story of Dinah in Genesis 34 is one of the best examples of this male-dominated narrative. A Young Woman at the Mercy of Men Dinahs story actually starts in Genesis 30:21, which tells of her birth to Jacob and his first wife, Leah. Dinah reappears in Genesis 34, a chapter that early versions of the Bible titled the rape of Dinah. Ironically, Dinah never speaks for herself in this significant episode of her life. In brief, Jacob and his family are encamped in Canaan near the city of Shechem. By now having reached puberty, teen-aged Dinah understandably wants to see something of the world. While visiting the city, she is defiled or outraged by the prince of the land, also called Shechem, who is the son of Hamor the Hivite. Although scripture says Prince Shechem is eager to marry Dinah, her brothers Simeon and Levi are enraged at the way their sister has been treated. They convince their father, Jacob, to exact a high bride price, or dowry. They tell Hamor and Shechem that it is against their religion to allow their women to marry men who are not circumcised, i.e., converts to the religion of Abraham. Because Shechem is in love with Dinah, he, his father, and eventually all the men of the city agree to this extreme measure. However, circumcision turns out to be a trap devised by Simeon and Levi to incapacitate the Shechemites. Genesis 34 says they, and possibly more of Dinahs brothers, attack the city, kill all the men, rescue their sister and despoil the town. Jacob is horrified and frightened, fearing that other Canaanites sympathetic with the people of Shechem will rise against his tribe in retaliation. How Dinah feels at the murder of her betrothed, who by this time may even have been her husband, is never mentioned. Rabbinical Interpretations Vary on Dinahs Story Later sources blame Dinah for this episode, citing her curiosity about life in the city as a sin since it exposed her to risk of rape. Shes also condemned in other rabbinical interpretations of scripture known as Midrash because she didnt want to leave her prince, Shechem. This earns Dinah the nickname of the Canaanite woman. A text of Jewish myth and mysticism, The Testament of the Patriarchs, justifies the anger of Dinahs brothers by saying that an angel instructed Levi to take revenge on Shechem for the rape of Dinah. A more critical view of Dinahs story holds the tale may be not historical at all. Instead, some Jewish scholars think Dinahs story is an allegory that symbolizes the way Israelite men conducted feuds against neighboring tribes or clans that raped or abducted their women. This reflection of ancient customs makes the story valuable, according to Jewish historians. A Feminist View of Dinahs Story In 1997, novelist Anita Diamant re-imagined Dinahs story in her book, The Red Tent, a New York Times best-seller. In this novel, Dinah is the first-person narrator, and her encounter with Shechem is not rape but consensual sex in anticipation of marriage. Dinah willingly marries the Canaanite prince and is horrified and grieved by her brothers vengeful actions. She flees to Egypt to bear Shechems son and is reunited with her brother Joseph, now Egypts prime minister. The Red Tent became a worldwide phenomenon embraced by women who longed for a more positive view of women in the Bible. Although entirely fiction, Diamant said she wrote the novel with attention to the history of the era, around 1600 B.C., particularly in terms of what could be discerned about the lives of ancient women. The red tent of the title refers to a practice common to tribes of the ancient Near East, in which menstruating women or women giving birth lived in such a tent along with their co-wives, sisters, daughters and mothers. In a question-and-answer on her website, Diamant cites work by Rabbi Arthur Waskow, who links the biblical law that keeps a mother separate from the tribe for 60 days upon the birth of a daughter as a sign that it is a sacred act for a woman to bear to another potential birth-giver. A subsequent work of non-fiction, Inside the Red Tent by Baptist scholar Sandra Hack Polaski, examines Diamants novel in light of both biblical story and ancient history, particularly the difficulties of finding historical documentation for womens lives. Diamants novel and Polaskis non-fiction work are completely extra-biblical, and yet their readers believe that they give voice to a female character whom the Bible never allows to speak for herself. Sources Giving Voice to Dinah Sermon given December 12, 2003, by Rabbi Allison Bergman Vann The Jewish Study Bible, featuring the Jewish Publication Societys TANAKH translation (Oxford University Press, 2004). Dinah by Eduard KÃ ¶nig, Emil G. Hirsch, Louis Ginzberg, Caspar Levias, Jewish Encyclopedia. Ten Questions on the Occasion of the Tenth Anniversary of The Red Tent by Anita Diamant (St. Martins Press, 1997). Inside the Red Tent (Popular Insights) by Sandra Hack Polaski (Chalice Press, 2006)

Consumer behaviour assignment list Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Consumer behaviour assignment list - Coursework Example They are having their head quarter in the New York City. Aqua Gel Cleanser product will be having the features like it provides fresh and clean looks for the users. Exciting packaging and designing of the product will attract customers from various segments. Skin soothing policies of this cleanser are offered with cucumber, apple and aloe extracts. The cosmetic product is foam based product. Aqua Gel Cleanser is getting famous for the soap-free base and more skin friendly molecules. 1.2. Develop a tag line and a magazine ad (without the aid of a computer) by using creativity and not artistry. What can you build into your advertisements that will boost the chances that target audience members will take in the ad and send it along to short-term memory for processing? Are there elements in the ad that can be used to facilitate later retrieval of your message? Mainly, the cleansing gel products of Makeup Artistry Cosmetics will be facing closest competition from the Clinique and other Sephora products. Brand value of MAC increased due to extensive sensational makeup collection. MAC is adopting lucrative strategies to attract the customers towards cleansing products. Major aim of the advertising policies of MAC will adopt different features of the skin care gel. Nourishment factors of the MAC based cleansers and hydration quality aspects of cleaning skins are one of the major positive attributes of the new products. Features of more clearing and smooth facial skin provisions must be outlined in the advertising massage of MAC. In addition, MAC is offering more protection of the sensitive skins. Human skin will get more refresh policies with the use of such cleanser along with water. Advertisements of Aqua Gel Cleanser must have a proper tag line that will identify target audience and requirement of potential customers. Aqua Gel Cleanser will adopt the tag line of â€Å"hydra gel cleanser minimizing pores and smoothens skin

The Battle For Berlin Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

The Battle For Berlin - Research Paper Example There was a huge difference between the strength of German and Russian forces in all aspects, which also played its role in the defeat of the German army. The Russian forces were superior to the German army in terms of equipment and troops, which helped them defeat German forces and race towards the city of Berlin. The major countries, which sent their forces to carry out attack on Berlin, were Russia, Poland, Romania, and Czechoslovakia. â€Å"The Red Army played the dominant role in the defeat of the Reich, demoting the Anglo-American war effort to secondary or tertiary importance† (Davies 2006). Over 2.5 million men including 78000 Polish army men attacked Berlin defeating the German army all over. Russian forces, known as red army in the World War II, fired over two million artillery shells in different parts of Berlin, which not only destroyed the buildings and homes but also killed a large number of German civilians. Germans were though equipped with portable anti-tank w eaponry in order to destroy the Russian tanks but they failed to make a good use of those weapons. Russian army used to destroy whole buildings in occurrence of a single fire from those buildings. The huge difference between the manpower and equipment showed its effects on the battle between the two forces. German army although fought bravely but it could not meet the strength of the Red army. Russians rolled down relentlessly from the east and the northeast of Berlin. After sustaining as many as 325,000 causalities, Berlin surrendered on 2nd May 1945, which marked an end not only to the battle but also to the World War II. Importance of Battle for Berlin in World War II and Contributing Factors The battle of Berlin was of extreme importance not only for the Soviet Union but also for the European sector. Russia was a real power at that time and that was one of the reasons of war because Russia wanted to show its power in the World War II. The battle of Berlin was also of great polit ical importance because it was not only important for the unity of alliance but also it provided help to Russia on the Oder East of Germany. The main causes of the battle of Berlin were the unresolved issues of the World War I. Those issues created tensions between the countries, which led towards the World War II and eventually towards the battle of Berlin. In addition, the military aggression shown by Nazi Germany and Japan on Poland and China strengthened the way towards Second World War. The Soviet Union wanted to disarm Germany because it was posing threat to various other countries. For this reason, Soviet Union allied with the United States, Britain, and France in order to launch a combined attack on Germany. Germany was becoming a great threat to the unity of alliance, so in order to keep it away from further invasions; Soviet Union decided to attack the city of Berlin in order to take full control of Germany. The battle of Berlin gained significant importance at the end of the World War II. The battle not only resulted in ending the World War II but also played its role in securing most of the European countries from Nazi Germany. Germany and Russia were the two major forces of the world war and both of them were aiming to get success at the end of the war. It is natural that in the war, one group wins and the other one faces a

Religion in Pop Culture Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Religion in Pop Culture - Term Paper Example The vision of religion in the new light, when it is a component of the pop culture raises a lot of questions: whether it is right or wrong to popularize images of Jesus Christ or God Mother or other religious images. The most known reflections of religion in pop culture can be traced in the creative works of Lady Gaga. If we talk about this singer, we can see that lately this popular singer is really obsessed with religious images and she always is looking for an opportunity to promote religious images. In her interviews she claims that she is a too religious and spiritual person, but when we watch her videos we can have many doubts. Still, I am also impressed by her video on the song â€Å"Born This Way†. Lady Gaga is not the first one, who tries to reflect her ideas of love and faith by means of using different religious allusions and metaphors. There are humane and good lines in the song â€Å"Born This Way†, when the singer says: â€Å"I’m beautiful in my wa y because God makes no mistakes†. This is a righteous interpretation of religion. Nevertheless, allusions used are really impressive and we can think about the moment of birth. Her videos are always ambiguous. For example, the most impressive clip for me is â€Å"Judas†. Thus, in her video â€Å"Judas† we can see that â€Å"Jesus is my virtue / but Judas is the demon I cling to† and these lines imply a potential sinful behavior of too religious people. These controversial songs and videos impress me by their potential to strike my imagination. I try to guess, which are the real intentions of Lady Gaga songs? I came across the images of a sinful Magdalena in â€Å"Judas† and innocent â€Å"Venus† in this video. Moreover, Gaga does not only reflect her own religious beliefs, she also tries to bring in a kind of burlesque and kitsch to her religious interpretations†¦for example in her video â€Å"Judas† there are striking images of a nun, who is dreaming about sex with men, or when Lady Gaga tries to make a shot with her gun, but in reality it turns out to be a lipstick. Another demonstration of religion in pop culture is representation of religious ideas in clothes. For example, pink T-shirts with a cartoon kitten purring â€Å"Jesus loves me†. Religion is a kind of a trend in the modern world. Madonna and Pam Anderson wear T-shirts with the line â€Å"Mary is My Homegirl†. Such kind of T-shirts is an attempt to make people think about religious issues. We do not have enough time to visit Church and for some people it is a kind of showing off their religious beliefs. To my mind this strategy is fashionable, but it should not be kitschy as it is. As a rule priests argue with popularization of religion and blame Lady Gaga for her profanity. Popular films also reflect the fashionable religious ideas and beliefs. For example, the film by Mel Gibson â€Å"The Passion of the Christ† is very popu lar or â€Å"Joan of Arcadia,† a film story about the girl on who talks to God won attraction of the audience. Nowadays religion is a modern brand. It sounds like the world has gone wild, but it is really so. Popular slogans promote religion, but in a different way, which seems natural for people. For example, we can see that it is easier and more pleasant for people to wear T-shirts with

The Butler S Lifecycle Model

The Butler S Lifecycle Model Balearic Islands consist of four island which are A, B, C and Mallorca. Mallorca is the largest island of the Balearic archipelago which accounts for nearly three quarters of the land with 80% of its population in Balearic Island (Bull 1997, 140). It area has covered about 3640 kilometer per square with the 555 km of the total coast length of the island (Garcia and Servera 2003, 288). The climate of Mallorca is typically Mediterranean with moderate average temperatures. During the summer, the dry and warm season takes place. The annual rainfalls are 625 mm, with average temperature 16 celcius and 18 celcious except in the high mountain. With its favorable climate, extensive coastline and attractive beaches have lured visitors for many centuries. The butlers lifecycle model (1980), describes the growth, stagnation and decline phases of a tourist destination can be best apply in the destination of Mallorca from the growth stage to post-stagnation stage. In the period of exploration and involvement stages of Butlers model which started in 1930s tourism takes place in Mallorca act merely as an instrument for stimulating cultural and intellectual activity (Bull 1997, 141). Early development stage 1955s When it comes to 1955 Mallorca Island is in development stage where mass tourism started to grow during that period. There was a re-establishment of the tourist board that have significantly change the tourism on the island whereby the tourism become more closely associated with the development of package holidays and mass tourism from the growing markets in western and northern Europe (Pearce 1991 and Williams 1997). However in 1959, Spanish government took the initiate to simplify the procedure of visiting the country in order to modernize the Spanish economy through tourism by gaining overseas revenue (Stabilisation Act of 1959). The numbers of visitors started to growth constantly in early 1960s, majority of the visitors were dominated from UK and Germany in large volumes concentrated especially during summer season (Clark 1988) (Figure 1). Consolidation stage-1980s-1990s Between 1960s-1980s the consequences from the boom of international tourism to Mallorca, it led to an intensive resort development of the along the coastline. Most of the island originated from the rapid growth of cheap package holidays in the 1960s. However in the late of 1970s, many buildings, resorts and apartments were built in order to cater large numbers of visitors and growing number of the populations. Majority of these early resorts were portrayed by standard high-rise architecture, short of proper infrastructure and lack of planning, which are typical of the consolidation stages of Butlers model. Buswell (1996, 321) has described the growth of tourist resolution on Mallorca as unplanned and piecemeal, even chaotic. After that resorts have been subject matter to stricter planning laws which set up in the 1980s and 1990s. Subsequently Mallorca has maintained its popularity with tourists, particularly from UK and Germany moreover constantly attracts more than 10 m visitors per annum (Buswell 1996 and Government Balear 2003) Stagnation and Decline stage-1990s-2000s In late 1990s, environmental pressures begin to emerge in Mallorca regarding to the issue such as water shortages, climate change, overcrowding, and over commercialization as well as anti-social behavior by its visitors. This eventually causes an overall of decline in number of visitors arrive to its destination. In provisions of destination life cycle dynamics, the tourism product of Mallorca was beginning to stagnate and decline and required management planning and policy intervention to bring about its rejuvenation (Butler, 1980). Development of Mass tourism in Calvia, Mallorca Calvià ¡ is a municipality of Mallorca which is also one of the largest tourism receiving areas. It accounted about one third of the total flow of tourists to Balearic Islands. It covers 145 km ² and has a coastal strip of 56 Km of beaches and cliffs which make it as absolutely suitable destination for mass tourism. It offers accommodation for 120,000 bedspaces and with approximately up to 1.6 million visitors a year (Aguilo, Algere and Sard, 2005). Furthermore, with its location in tiny distance from the airport of Palma creates an easily accessible to the visitors. The population of the resident increased from 3000 in habitants during 1960 up to 30,000 in the late nineties (Dodds 2007). Since 19th century, tourism began to be as main economic activity of its island (Ministerio de Economia y Hacienda, 2005). Tourism development in Calvià ¡ boomed in the 1960s and has been based on short-term economic gain. As Aguilo et al. (2005) states, it was one of the first municipalities to experience negative effects of mass tourism. Lack of planning regulations resulted in urban sprawl and lack of environmental regard, similar to many Mediterranean resorts. The model of tourism development in Mallorca has been based on short-term interest, unlimited building out of tune with local conditions, and an unsustainable exploitation of exceptional natural resources. Tourist development took place in 1960s to 1980s and was hasty and unplanned. Economy In economic point of view, tourism is important as it create job opportunities, infrastructure development as well as foreign exchange. The unemployment rate is much lower than national average (Ministerio de Trabajo 2005) as there are about 31,793 people employed in restaurant-bars, 2057 in means of transportation rental, 483 in supermarkets, 398 people employed in souvenir shops and another 1,684 work in other tourist facilities. Meanwhile 1,402 involved in beach business and 18,003 are involved in providing tourist activities. It has been estimated that Calvià ¡ owns a total number of 61749 vacancies providing tourist activities (Molz 2004). It has 30% higher income per capital of national and 5% higher of E.U. levels (Ministerio de Economia y Hacienda 2005). Looking at these figures it becomes absolutely obvious 85% of Balearic Islands GNP is from tourist industry, and tourism is the major source of income for the municipality of Calvià ¡. Therefore its economy is entirely reli ant upon it. From the statistics numbers given, it can be conclude that there is high number of labour force joining the labour market, the tourist monoculture especially during the peak seasonal pattern, labour with a low salary system, and pressure of work during high season (Local Agenda 21 2001). Socio culture impact While tourism provides certain economic benefits to a region at least in the short term, it also causes disturbance to the local way of life. For the locals the concerns may derive due to the unfulfilled promises, destruction of an older and simpler way of life, inadequacy of employment opportunities or dissatisfaction with the economic changes which came with mass tourism development. Before tourism takes place, Calvià ¡ was fundamentally a poor and rural area with little outside contact and general history of emigration with its own language and culture of Catalan roots (Ruzza 2004). However tourism has wholly altered these features; a vast number of immigration from the Spanish peninsula arrived to fulfill the demand for labour created by the growth of mass tourism, particularly in the building industry and the hotel business. Consequent to that the temporary immigrant population, has gradually turn into resident, eventually this causes the loss of cultural identity, conflict over language issues, and lack of social integration within local and immigrant population and tiny participation in local social life. Although Calvià ¡ is Spains richest municipality and one of the richest in Europe, it has the lowest level of education in Spain which itself the lowest in Europe (Ayuntament de Calvià ¡ 1995). Besides, majority of employment are for waiters and house cleaner which are lack of trained skilled professionals. Consequences of too many visitors Reason tourist choose Calvià ¡ as holiday destination The persistence of the sun and sand model (2005, 222), describes that the reason induces tourists to choose the particular sun and sand destination include the climate of 76.2%, the beaches (51.2%), the price (36.4%), and the quality of the hotels (22.2%). Among all, climate is the fundamental reason followed by the beaches which induces tourists for choosing such destination. As a result Calvià ¡ received a growing number of visitors who travel to a mass tourism holiday destination attracted by the sun, beaches and the climate. Calvià ¡ were seen as a model based on value, in terms of price competition it has lure many visitors especially from UK and German with it standardization of the holiday experience (CIITIB, 2002). Social impact For the local point of view, visitors seem to utilize the physical environment from the local however the profit that generated from the visitors are not share with the local community. Thus it create adverse impacts on livelihoods and lack of benefit sharing with the local people who will bear tourism related costs to both the human and natural environment. Eventually conflicts arise between local populations with vast number of visitors as they need to compete for limited use of resources such as water, sanitation, energy and land uses. For tourists the view is often recapitulate with the statements such as this used to be a paradise but now it is ruined because of overcrowding, over commercialization or overdevelopment. The mass tourism tackiness and the variety of problems experienced in Calvià ¡ have too often created blemish alongside beautiful natural scenery; crowded with large numbers of tourists as if they were many cattle; ruined traditional cultures and occupational patterns by creating a insidious tourism industry characterized by low paying service jobs and manipulative values; and ignored the needs of local citizens and the community values that were inconsistent with pragmatic economic requirements of the tourism industry. Environmental impact The risen numbers of visitors and residents have immense environmental pressure in Calvià ¡. As mentioned in butlers life cycle, Mallorca was in the period of stagnation in 1990s may lay on the line by emerging environmental pressure particularly water shortages and climatic change. Inadequate water supply The issue of inadequate water supply especially during peak period and summer season, water supplies is exacerbated by visitors flows for use in hotels, swimming pools and golf course. According to the statistic documented in 1995, the water consumption by visitors amounted of 160 liters per day whereby resident is only 130 liters. High demand in energy consumption Annual consumption of primary energy in Calvià ¡ amount to 72,000 TEP per year of which only 2% is renewable. However, the consumption per day was 6.47 kwh and visitors consumption amounted to 2.14 kwh per night stay in a hotel (Dodds 2007). Pollution by Transports The emissions of carbon dioxide equaled 1,400,000 tones which 58% is due to transporting tourist in and out of Mallorca. In Calvià ¡ 1995 statistic,70 million journeys per year where 50 million where from visitors which are a major cause of traffic congestion. Urban waste In 1995 Calvià ¡ produced 41000 tones of urban waste with approximately 1.25 kg per resident / day however 1kg per visitors per day. Moreover the options for disposal were limited. The production of wastewater and solid waste in visitor areas often surpass the carrying capacity of local infrastructure due the high seasonal demand. Deterioration of the Land use Building development in Calvià ¡ has been excessive with mass occupation of sandy beaches and important enclaves along the rocky coastline. With over 60% of Calvià ¡ territory was affected by soil erosion. There was continuous land occupation by urbanization and development of new infrastructure damage caused by quarries and waste dumps and devastation by forest fire. According to an accounting of the distribution of the entire area of Calvià ¡ made by Schmitt () in 1991 the build-up-area has quadrupled in the years from 1968 to 1991 (+311.6%). However 57% of archaeological heritage were at high risk of deterioration. Overcrowded beach Almost 80% of the analyzed cases show overcrowding despite an urban beach or natural beach. There is a strong seasonal concentration of visitors between June and September because of the demand for sun and beaches. Subsequently this led to overcrowded beach with less than 6 m ² of beach surface per person with increasing anthropogenic pressure over the coastal zone (Garcia and Jaume 2003, 287). Solution Calvià ¡ is an example of a mass tourism destination which, from a result of tourism pressure in the late 1980s, faced significant economic, social and environmental decline. As mentioned by Butler (1993) tourism is an activity because of its reliance upon the maintenance of natural environment and natural processes, should lent itself toward sustainable development. In the case of Calvià ¡ the decrease of tourism numbers and Balearic Island as a whole driven regulations and efforts to move towards addressing the problems of the degradation of the environment, deterioration of social systems and facilities and the threat of further tourism decline. Definition of Planning and Policy The definition of planning is extremely ambiguous and difficult to define. Chadwick (1971, 24) states that planning is a process of human thought with an action based upon the thought in point of fact, forethought, thought for the future, nothing more or less than this is planning. Meanwhile Hall (2008, 90) supported Chadwicks ideas to conclude that most important aspect of planning is that it is directed towards the future. However, planning cannot be accomplished without policy because it is closely related terms. Wilkinson (1997) linked planning and policy by stating planning is a course of action, whereas policy is the implementation of the planned course of action. Planning and policy in the case of Calvià ¡ Calvià ¡ Plan for tourist Excellent 1990 The plan was developed in 1990 as to target the threat of decline. It comes along with the Balearic Autonomous community in cooperation with the municipalities as to modernize, improve and diversify the tourism. This plan included building clearance to regain open space, try to counterbalance the seasonal nature of tourism and training and employment. However this plan is mainly focused on the industry supply side instead of sustainability of the destination and host community did not involve at all. As a result, it did not attempt to overcome the growing issues that have arisen. Calvià ¡ Local Agenda 21 (LA21) 1995 At the end of 1994, the Town council of Calvià ¡, together with a range of working groups, drew up the Local Agenda 21 for Calvià ¡ as a long term strategies integrated with economic, social, territorial and environment actions. In formulating LA21 in 1995 and Action Plan in 1997, the Municipality of Calvià ¡ actively involved the support of local community, all the stakeholders, NGO as well as national and EU governments. The key objectives for LA21 Calvià ¡ concentrating on entering a new culture based on sustainable and participatory urban and tourism planning; emphasize environmental management of the destination, look for for agreement and consensus with social representatives, control development and act for more stable employment in the area. (Calvià ¡ Agenda Local 21, Mallorca, Spain 2004). In 1998 New Balearic Law in Calvià ¡ was set out as to limit accommodation growth, restore existing hotels and to protect 40% of natural areas. The objectives of the LA21 comprises of 10 strategic lines of action and 40 initiatives. Key results that have been achieved since the implementation of Calvià ¡s 1997 plan The LA21 Action Plan which were set out in 1997 were seems to have improvement in a general movement toward sustainability within the region and as Calvià ¡ is fairly autonomous, it was able to adopt and implement many initiatives without the need for collaboration from higher government. Among those key results that have been achieved since the implementation of the LA21 action plan are stated below: Planning and Regeneration Zero increase in number of hotels and apartments as well as drop of 200 beds 1993-2002-about 30 building clearance plan actions were carried out including actual building demolition and the purchase of urban plots to prevent further construction. Demolished buildings of the entire surface area reaches more than 13,500m ². Upgraded area in Magaluf Palma Nova tourist area by creating pedestrian zones and planting tree as to improve the overall quality of the area. 32 km cycling and walking path was built in Paseo de Calvià ¡ Environmental instruments Tax on water for conservation and awareness campaigns promoting its use and conservation established Recycling urban waste reduction plans to ensure 70% of all urban waste is separated at origin, facilitating reducing cost of recycling effort, minimizing land fill. Termination of sea dredging previously used to generate beaches and more environmentally friendly measures put in place to minimize erosion New regulating for limiting anchor damage harbor congestion caused by boats Establishment of marine park terrestrial protected areas as to protect wildlife ecosystems Economic instruments Impose an eco-tax in 2002 by Balearic Government; the funds were used to carry out Calvià ¡ council rehabilitation and regenerative projects. Voluntary instruments Renovation programmes for hotels, tourist accommodation and tourist facilities established to upgrade quality and attract a higher yield tourist Socio cultural instruments Programmes to combat crime, housing and other social issues Multi-cultural and social programmes such as dance, underwater photography and language classes established to help integrate immigrants into Mallorquin culture. Calvià ¡ has been recognized internationally for its efforts conclusion Calvià ¡ 2.0 The development of mass tourism in Calvia, Mallorca. 2.1 Definition of Mass Tourism Over the last decades, tourism has increasingly playing a vital role as a source of economic sector despite for many developed and developing countries. The tourism industry has given an opportunity to millions ofpeople to travel internationally, as travel and recreation are becoming more accessible to people,it is knowable to be the world leading economic sector during this decade.